YTC-@LetsTalkReligion-Ibn_Taymiyya

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<text start="0.399" dur="3.88">on this channel we have often talked</text>

<text start="1.92" dur="4.76">about a certain kind of thinker or</text>

<text start="4.279" dur="4.041">figure in history um I mean we try to</text>

<text start="6.68" dur="3.4">keep it diverse of course but there&#39;s no</text>

<text start="8.32" dur="5.319">denying that there&#39;s been a certain</text>

<text start="10.08" dur="5.92">tendency in my choice of subjects for</text>

<text start="13.639" dur="5.601">episodes there&#39;s been a lot of Sufi a</text>

<text start="16" dur="5.64">lot of philosophers and people like that</text>

<text start="19.24" dur="5.84">and sometimes also a lot of figures who</text>

<text start="21.64" dur="6.68">are a bit less known perhaps or that</text>

<text start="25.08" dur="4.959">whose ideas may surprise a lot of you</text>

<text start="28.32" dur="4.759">today we&#39;re going to do something a</text>

<text start="30.039" dur="6.081">little different iban tamya is a</text>

<text start="33.079" dur="5.601">significant yet very divisive figure in</text>

<text start="36.12" dur="5.04">Islamic history but definitely one who</text>

<text start="38.68" dur="5.559">has shaped the Islamic world to a large</text>

<text start="41.16" dur="6.399">degree maybe not so much in his own</text>

<text start="44.239" dur="7.441">lifetime or in the period following but</text>

<text start="47.559" dur="6.761">definitely today indeed the ideas and</text>

<text start="51.68" dur="5.359">thought of IB tya is one of the main</text>

<text start="54.32" dur="5.32">Inspirations between some of the more</text>

<text start="57.039" dur="5.36">contemporary and modern movements within</text>

<text start="59.64" dur="5.519">Islam like the so-called wahhabis and</text>

<text start="62.399" dur="5.281">salafis thus I tya can rightly be</text>

<text start="65.159" dur="5.841">considered one of the main architects of</text>

<text start="67.68" dur="6.04">the modern Islamic world but who was he</text>

<text start="71" dur="5.88">and what were these ideas that made him</text>

<text start="73.72" dur="6.45">well both so divisive and controversial</text>

<text start="76.88" dur="9.85">but also so loved by many others</text>

<text start="80.17" dur="7.62">[Music]</text>

<text start="86.73" dur="14.489">[Applause]</text>

<text start="87.79" dur="13.429">[Music]</text>

<text start="108.56" dur="6.64">Ahmed IB T was a jurist and theologian</text>

<text start="111.64" dur="6.119">in the 13th and 14th centuries who has</text>

<text start="115.2" dur="5.72">become famous for his unique approach to</text>

<text start="117.759" dur="5.96">Islamic law as well as his St criticism</text>

<text start="120.92" dur="5.519">of anything that he considered to be b</text>

<text start="123.719" dur="5.201">or innovation in the religion this</text>

<text start="126.439" dur="4.761">including things like shiism many</text>

<text start="128.92" dur="4.6">aspects of Sufism as well as other ideas</text>

<text start="131.2" dur="4.52">and practices held by fellow Muslims at</text>

<text start="133.52" dur="4.88">the time he was born in the city of</text>

<text start="135.72" dur="5.96">haran in modern turkey but spent most of</text>

<text start="138.4" dur="4.52">his life in Damascus Syria his year of</text>

<text start="141.68" dur="3.559">birth</text>

<text start="142.92" dur="4.28">1263 gives us an indication of the</text>

<text start="145.239" dur="4">social and political circumstances of</text>

<text start="147.2" dur="5.039">the time this was right after the</text>

<text start="149.239" dur="5.441">Mongols had sacked the city of Baghdad</text>

<text start="152.239" dur="4.801">executed the last abased caleff and thus</text>

<text start="154.68" dur="5.08">had shockingly and violently destroyed</text>

<text start="157.04" dur="4.88">the main symbol of Islamic Authority and</text>

<text start="159.76" dur="4.119">civilization a civilization that</text>

<text start="161.92" dur="4.44">previously had once stood as seemingly</text>

<text start="163.879" dur="4.841">the greatest in the world needless to</text>

<text start="166.36" dur="5.159">say this was a truly shocking turn of</text>

<text start="168.72" dur="5">events and ibben Tamia is born and lives</text>

<text start="171.519" dur="4.601">in this very tumultuous and uncertain</text>

<text start="173.72" dur="4.76">time something that not only occupied</text>

<text start="176.12" dur="4.8">him greatly in his career but which I</text>

<text start="178.48" dur="5.24">think is also Central to understanding</text>

<text start="180.92" dur="5">where many of his ideas come from he</text>

<text start="183.72" dur="4.28">came from a family line of hanbali</text>

<text start="185.92" dur="4.28">Scholars and would also attach himself</text>

<text start="188" dur="4.84">to this school and become a rather</text>

<text start="190.2" dur="5.64">prominent representative now Sunni</text>

<text start="192.84" dur="7.2">Islamic law is usually divided into four</text>

<text start="195.84" dur="7.72">primary schools the hanafi Maliki shafii</text>

<text start="200.04" dur="5.68">and hanbali the last the hanbali school</text>

<text start="203.56" dur="4.2">is the smallest in terms of adherence</text>

<text start="205.72" dur="4.32">and is usually considered the most quote</text>

<text start="207.76" dur="4.199">unquote strict there&#39;s a lot more to</text>

<text start="210.04" dur="3.52">within a simple categorization like that</text>

<text start="211.959" dur="4.36">of course but that is how it is usually</text>

<text start="213.56" dur="4.92">characterized and IB tya would become</text>

<text start="216.319" dur="4.56">quite a prominent hanbal jurist and</text>

<text start="218.48" dur="5.119">scholar in Damascus during his lifetime</text>

<text start="220.879" dur="4.881">even if he did diverge from it at times</text>

<text start="223.599" dur="4.041">he earned himself a reputation early on</text>

<text start="225.76" dur="4">as a very charismatic and passionate</text>

<text start="227.64" dur="4.519">individual he began writing juristic</text>

<text start="229.76" dur="4.52">works from a hanbal position early on</text>

<text start="232.159" dur="4.121">and passionately engaged himself with</text>

<text start="234.28" dur="4.959">public disputes and matters of religion</text>

<text start="236.28" dur="4.799">and law in one story after a Christian</text>

<text start="239.239" dur="4.881">is claimed to have insulted the prophet</text>

<text start="241.079" dur="5.16">Muhammad IB tya very forcefully argued</text>

<text start="244.12" dur="3.88">that he should be executed regardless if</text>

<text start="246.239" dur="3.881">he repented and even if he became a</text>

<text start="248" dur="4.439">Muslim a point that many other jurists</text>

<text start="250.12" dur="4.28">disagreed on but some of his most major</text>

<text start="252.439" dur="4.2">legal and political engagement relate to</text>

<text start="254.4" dur="5.28">the very dramatic Mongol invasions that</text>

<text start="256.639" dur="5.401">were still very much underway even Tamia</text>

<text start="259.68" dur="4.56">lived in Damascus which was mostly ruled</text>

<text start="262.04" dur="4.879">by the mamluks with their base in Cairo</text>

<text start="264.24" dur="4.84">Egypt the mamluks are famous for</text>

<text start="266.919" dur="4.321">basically being the only Islamic polity</text>

<text start="269.08" dur="3.959">that was able to withstand the Mongols</text>

<text start="271.24" dur="4.239">at the time as the Mongols never</text>

<text start="273.039" dur="5">actually made it into North Africa but</text>

<text start="275.479" dur="4.801">during iben Tamia&#39;s life Damascus and</text>

<text start="278.039" dur="4.401">Syria saw repeated attempts by the</text>

<text start="280.28" dur="3.96">Mongols to invade and some of which were</text>

<text start="282.44" dur="3.92">successful so he&#39;s living in a place</text>

<text start="284.24" dur="3.92">that is constantly at war or under</text>

<text start="286.36" dur="4.24">threat of War and the Mongols would</text>

<text start="288.16" dur="5.52">occupy a lot of his legal writing and</text>

<text start="290.6" dur="6.08">energy in fact IB tamya wrote three</text>

<text start="293.68" dur="5.359">fatwas or legal rulings that called for</text>

<text start="296.68" dur="4.079">Jihad in the form of holy war or armed</text>

<text start="299.039" dur="4.641">struggle against against the invading</text>

<text start="300.759" dur="4.481">Mongols in these he argues for the fact</text>

<text start="303.68" dur="3.64">that even though the Mongols may claim</text>

<text start="305.24" dur="3.92">to be Muslims they failed to uphold</text>

<text start="307.32" dur="4.12">Islamic ideals and should therefore be</text>

<text start="309.16" dur="3.92">fought he even participated in the</text>

<text start="311.44" dur="4">fighting as a soldier himself on the</text>

<text start="313.08" dur="4.8">mamluk side whom he often praised as the</text>

<text start="315.44" dur="4.319">true Defenders of Islam indeed these</text>

<text start="317.88" dur="4.36">fotas have become quite influential</text>

<text start="319.759" dur="4.481">today particularly the third one which</text>

<text start="322.24" dur="4.16">is the longest and most harsh and which</text>

<text start="324.24" dur="4.44">argues among other things that because</text>

<text start="326.4" dur="4.32">the Mongols did not uphold Islamic law</text>

<text start="328.68" dur="4.2">as he saw it they could be considered</text>

<text start="330.72" dur="4.199">apostates or unbelievers and should</text>

<text start="332.88" dur="4.56">therefore be killed this way of</text>

<text start="334.919" dur="5.681">justifying armed Jihad by deeming others</text>

<text start="337.44" dur="5.52">apostates or unbelievers known as takir</text>

<text start="340.6" dur="5.24">is one of the main ideological tools of</text>

<text start="342.96" dur="5.079">violent jihadist groups like ala or the</text>

<text start="345.84" dur="5.079">so-called Islamic State and they often</text>

<text start="348.039" dur="5.44">use the fatwas of IB tya in particular</text>

<text start="350.919" dur="5.081">as inspiration similar harshness can be</text>

<text start="353.479" dur="5.16">seen in fatwas issued by IB tya against</text>

<text start="356" dur="5.44">the so-called NIS often referred to</text>

<text start="358.639" dur="6">today as the Ala or alawites as well as</text>

<text start="361.44" dur="5.08">the duus about the latter the duw he</text>

<text start="364.639" dur="4.201">says quote they are Heretics and</text>

<text start="366.52" dur="4.399">apostates whose repentance cannot be</text>

<text start="368.84" dur="3.919">accepted rather they should be killed</text>

<text start="370.919" dur="4.321">wherever they are found and they may be</text>

<text start="372.759" dur="4.521">cursed because of what they are his</text>

<text start="375.24" dur="5.2">writings against the noades follow a</text>

<text start="377.28" dur="5.639">very similar line um these writings of</text>

<text start="380.44" dur="5.08">his may appear very harsh and they were</text>

<text start="382.919" dur="4.921">harsh they were unusually harsh for the</text>

<text start="385.52" dur="4.56">time and iban tya actually became quite</text>

<text start="387.84" dur="4.88">controversial during his life because he</text>

<text start="390.08" dur="5.28">seemed to diverge from the mainstream or</text>

<text start="392.72" dur="5.12">quote unquote Orthodox positions of</text>

<text start="395.36" dur="5.239">other Islamic scholars both his views on</text>

<text start="397.84" dur="4.919">Islamic law as well as his theological</text>

<text start="400.599" dur="4.961">views and his many critiques of the</text>

<text start="402.759" dur="5.681">sufis would earn him a lot of enemies</text>

<text start="405.56" dur="5.44">and in fact I tya was imprisoned on</text>

<text start="408.44" dur="6.159">multiple occasions during his life once</text>

<text start="411" dur="5.8">in 1306 after being accused of tajim or</text>

<text start="414.599" dur="4">corporeal ISM or anthropomorphism</text>

<text start="416.8" dur="4.44">basically claiming that God has human</text>

<text start="418.599" dur="6.16">attributes another time voluntarily in</text>

<text start="421.24" dur="6.04">1308 a third time in 1320 for teaching</text>

<text start="424.759" dur="5.761">unorthodox things about divorce Oaths</text>

<text start="427.28" dur="5.28">and a final time in 1326 because he and</text>

<text start="430.52" dur="4.679">his students criticized the very common</text>

<text start="432.56" dur="5.4">Sufi practice of visiting the graves of</text>

<text start="435.199" dur="5.28">saints and it is during this last prison</text>

<text start="437.96" dur="4.679">day in the Citadel of Damascus that I</text>

<text start="440.479" dur="6.201">Tamia passed away in</text>

<text start="442.639" dur="6.201">1328 at the age of 65 he had spent a</text>

<text start="446.68" dur="4.04">long life in Passionate defense of what</text>

<text start="448.84" dur="3.84">he considered to to be a correct</text>

<text start="450.72" dur="3.919">understanding of Islam and gathered a</text>

<text start="452.68" dur="5">relatively small but significant group</text>

<text start="454.639" dur="5.12">of followers perhaps most famously ibim</text>

<text start="457.68" dur="3.799">Al jaia who would carry his ideas</text>

<text start="459.759" dur="3.961">forward arguably in an even more</text>

<text start="461.479" dur="4.84">forceful way and become a famous and</text>

<text start="463.72" dur="4.68">important figure in his own right IB tya</text>

<text start="466.319" dur="4.28">was not only active as a public figure</text>

<text start="468.4" dur="5.359">and critic for example teaching in the</text>

<text start="470.599" dur="5.88">umay mosque in Damascus and being very</text>

<text start="473.759" dur="5.801">active and vocal in various social and</text>

<text start="476.479" dur="5.521">religious SL political issues he was</text>

<text start="479.56" dur="5.359">also quite a prolific writer now he</text>

<text start="482" dur="4.599">didn&#39;t produce any sort of major career</text>

<text start="484.919" dur="4.521">defining works like many of his</text>

<text start="486.599" dur="5.72">contemporaries did um instead the</text>

<text start="489.44" dur="5.199">written works of imia are plentiful but</text>

<text start="492.319" dur="5.041">they are usually shorter treatises and</text>

<text start="494.639" dur="4.761">often dedicated to very specific topics</text>

<text start="497.36" dur="4.2">often as a kind of conversation or</text>

<text start="499.4" dur="5.12">debate with other people so he&#39;s often</text>

<text start="501.56" dur="5.12">responding or criticizing other Scholars</text>

<text start="504.52" dur="5.2">or specific ideas that other Scholars</text>

<text start="506.68" dur="6">have as well as WR writing specific</text>

<text start="509.72" dur="4.36">works that criticizes specific things</text>

<text start="512.68" dur="3.4">within the Islamic world at the time</text>

<text start="514.08" dur="5.079">that he considered to be problematic</text>

<text start="516.08" dur="6.079">like a cam theology certain aspects of</text>

<text start="519.159" dur="5.041">Islamic law and certain Sufi practices</text>

<text start="522.159" dur="3.881">let&#39;s dedicate ourselves a little bit to</text>

<text start="524.2" dur="5.04">understanding these works and the</text>

<text start="526.04" dur="5.2">general positions and ideas of IB tya</text>

<text start="529.24" dur="4.279">first I think it&#39;s very beneficial to</text>

<text start="531.24" dur="4.8">get a grasp of the context in which</text>

<text start="533.519" dur="4.681">these ideas emerged as I mentioned in</text>

<text start="536.04" dur="4.359">the beginning this was a traumatic time</text>

<text start="538.2" dur="3.6">for the Muslim Community where he lived</text>

<text start="540.399" dur="3.88">Not only was this an environment of</text>

<text start="541.8" dur="4.479">almost constant war and Invasion but</text>

<text start="544.279" dur="4.8">they had just experienced the fall of</text>

<text start="546.279" dur="4.921">Bagdad and the abased caliphate the</text>

<text start="549.079" dur="4.601">greatest symbol of Islamic political</text>

<text start="551.2" dur="4.6">rule this must have been an almost</text>

<text start="553.68" dur="4.64">cataclysmic event to many at the time</text>

<text start="555.8" dur="4.68">including him Ina how in the world could</text>

<text start="558.32" dur="5.32">seemingly some Nomads from the steps of</text>

<text start="560.48" dur="5.4">Mongolia manage to basically decimate a</text>

<text start="563.64" dur="3.84">major part of the Islamic World perhaps</text>

<text start="565.88" dur="3.8">one of the greatest civilizations that</text>

<text start="567.48" dur="5">the world had ever seen and in such a</text>

<text start="569.68" dur="5.12">short time too this was the question</text>

<text start="572.48" dur="5.68">that occupied I Tamia&#39;s mind and which I</text>

<text start="574.8" dur="5.56">think informs his whole world view he</text>

<text start="578.16" dur="3.919">has an answer to this question the</text>

<text start="580.36" dur="4.28">reason that this has happened is because</text>

<text start="582.079" dur="4.841">the Muslims have gone astray they have</text>

<text start="584.64" dur="5.199">left the ways of the Prophet behind and</text>

<text start="586.92" dur="5.24">instead indulge in Innovation and unlam</text>

<text start="589.839" dur="4.641">practices in a way then the Mongol</text>

<text start="592.16" dur="3.919">invasions is like a punishment from God</text>

<text start="594.48" dur="3.799">because the Muslims have failed to</text>

<text start="596.079" dur="4.721">uphold the law and the principles of the</text>

<text start="598.279" dur="4.881">Quran and the sample of the Prophet</text>

<text start="600.8" dur="5.24">Muhammad with this in mind we can see</text>

<text start="603.16" dur="5.32">why IB Tamia&#39;s ideas appear so harsh and</text>

<text start="606.04" dur="5.16">seemingly unforgiving from his point of</text>

<text start="608.48" dur="4.96">view something was seriously wrong and</text>

<text start="611.2" dur="3.879">needed to be changed right away or the</text>

<text start="613.44" dur="4.079">rest of the Islamic world could face the</text>

<text start="615.079" dur="4.361">same destruction and this is really what</text>

<text start="617.519" dur="4.361">his whole career including his writings</text>

<text start="619.44" dur="5.079">is about he&#39;s constantly and very</text>

<text start="621.88" dur="5.72">forcefully arguing against any form of</text>

<text start="624.519" dur="5.081">bidah or innovation in the religion</text>

<text start="627.6" dur="3.88">including some of the most established</text>

<text start="629.6" dur="4.88">structures of the tradition of Islamic</text>

<text start="631.48" dur="5.599">law and instead urging people to return</text>

<text start="634.48" dur="6.159">back to the pure practices and ideas of</text>

<text start="637.079" dur="5.281">the pious predecessors the salaf in</text>

<text start="640.639" dur="3.921">other words the companions of the</text>

<text start="642.36" dur="4.52">Prophet Muhammad and the two succeeding</text>

<text start="644.56" dur="3.92">Generations or at least his</text>

<text start="646.88" dur="4.12">understanding of what these predecessors</text>

<text start="648.48" dur="5.28">believed and practiced so what was it</text>

<text start="651" dur="5.76">exactly that he criticized well a major</text>

<text start="653.76" dur="4.44">target for his critique were the sufis</text>

<text start="656.76" dur="3.6">they were highly responsible for</text>

<text start="658.2" dur="5.24">introducing various Innovations to the</text>

<text start="660.36" dur="5.52">religion according to I tya now contrary</text>

<text start="663.44" dur="4.959">to popular belief IB tya wasn&#39;t</text>

<text start="665.88" dur="5.44">necessarily against Sufism per se or</text>

<text start="668.399" dur="4.921">entirely he claims on several occasions</text>

<text start="671.32" dur="4.72">that there is room for Sufism within</text>

<text start="673.32" dur="4.319">Islam but a Sufism that is primarily</text>

<text start="676.04" dur="3.84">ethical and aligned with his</text>

<text start="677.639" dur="4.521">interpretation of Islamic law he argues</text>

<text start="679.88" dur="5.399">that certain early sufis like juned of</text>

<text start="682.16" dur="4.84">bdad and Abdul Al jilani kept within the</text>

<text start="685.279" dur="4.321">bounds of the law and were thus</text>

<text start="687" dur="5.079">acceptable he wrote scathing critique of</text>

<text start="689.6" dur="4.919">Sufi practices like VI the repetitious</text>

<text start="692.079" dur="4.041">chanting of God&#39;s names a whole Treatise</text>

<text start="694.519" dur="4.401">was dedicated to criticizing the</text>

<text start="696.12" dur="4.56">practice of s the spiritual audition</text>

<text start="698.92" dur="3.359">where one listens to music as a</text>

<text start="700.68" dur="4.52">spiritual practice as well as other</text>

<text start="702.279" dur="5.481">common Concepts like f or Annihilation</text>

<text start="705.2" dur="5.68">where the Mystic experiences a death of</text>

<text start="707.76" dur="5.079">the self and absorption into the Divine</text>

<text start="710.88" dur="4.079">perhaps most controversially he was</text>

<text start="712.839" dur="5.161">highly critical of the common practice</text>

<text start="714.959" dur="4.721">of visiting the graves of saints this</text>

<text start="718" dur="3.399">has been an incredibly wide spread</text>

<text start="719.68" dur="4.32">practice in Muslim history and often</text>

<text start="721.399" dur="4.841">associated with Sufism it is thought</text>

<text start="724" dur="5">that the tomb or Shrine of a dead Sufi</text>

<text start="726.24" dur="5.399">Saint or Prophet contains their Baraka</text>

<text start="729" dur="4.88">or blessings and that one can partake in</text>

<text start="731.639" dur="4.801">this Blessing by visiting their graves</text>

<text start="733.88" dur="4.959">many even ask for favors or help in</text>

<text start="736.44" dur="4.639">things in life thus letting the saint</text>

<text start="738.839" dur="4.201">act as an intercessory figure that could</text>

<text start="741.079" dur="4.56">increase the likelihood of God helping</text>

<text start="743.04" dur="4.84">you to put it very simply IB Tamia and</text>

<text start="745.639" dur="4.64">his followers were totally against this</text>

<text start="747.88" dur="5.6">he feared that this was far too close to</text>

<text start="750.279" dur="5.041">polytheism or idolatry and forbade it</text>

<text start="753.48" dur="4.359">there are no places that are inherently</text>

<text start="755.32" dur="4.84">sacred according to bamia and help can</text>

<text start="757.839" dur="4.68">only be asked from God directly thus</text>

<text start="760.16" dur="5">rejects the whole idea of intercession</text>

<text start="762.519" dur="4.361">he writes quote I and others used to</text>

<text start="765.16" dur="4.28">follow the doctrine of the fathers in</text>

<text start="766.88" dur="4.48">visiting Graves we used to uphold the</text>

<text start="769.44" dur="3.759">views of the innovators when it became</text>

<text start="771.36" dur="3.8">clear to us what the messenger had</text>

<text start="773.199" dur="4.08">brought we had to decide whether to</text>

<text start="775.16" dur="4.039">follow what God had revealed or to</text>

<text start="777.279" dur="4.8">follow what we had found our fathers</text>

<text start="779.199" dur="5">doing it was obligatory to follow the</text>

<text start="782.079" dur="4.801">messenger this position that he and his</text>

<text start="784.199" dur="5.481">followers took was very controversial at</text>

<text start="786.88" dur="5.84">the time Sufism at this point was</text>

<text start="789.68" dur="5.959">basically the mainstream form of Islam</text>

<text start="792.72" dur="5.919">and by forbidding the or by having this</text>

<text start="795.639" dur="5.401">opinion about the visiting of graves IB</text>

<text start="798.639" dur="4.121">and Tamia seemed to undermine the entire</text>

<text start="801.04" dur="4.56">power and authority of the different</text>

<text start="802.76" dur="5.28">Saints I Tamia basically forbade any</text>

<text start="805.6" dur="4.479">form of pilgrimage to one of these</text>

<text start="808.04" dur="4.28">Graves or shrines</text>

<text start="810.079" dur="4.32">or any travel really with the express</text>

<text start="812.32" dur="4.04">purpose of making one of these visits</text>

<text start="814.399" dur="4.401">even if it was to the grave of the</text>

<text start="816.36" dur="5.32">Prophet Muhammad in Medina himself now</text>

<text start="818.8" dur="5.52">it wasn&#39;t completely unforgiving he did</text>

<text start="821.68" dur="6.56">allow people to visit the shrines or</text>

<text start="824.32" dur="7.16">Graves of prophets or certain Saints if</text>

<text start="828.24" dur="5.36">one was traveling to some location for</text>

<text start="831.48" dur="4.479">another purpose just basically stopping</text>

<text start="833.6" dur="6.479">by the grave that was okay as long as</text>

<text start="835.959" dur="7.921">one didn&#39;t ask for favors from the saint</text>

<text start="840.079" dur="5.68">or the prophet just simply appreciating</text>

<text start="843.88" dur="4.879">their life and remembering them and</text>

<text start="845.759" dur="6.801">praying perhaps uh but basically taking</text>

<text start="848.759" dur="5.361">away all the the Baraka the grace and</text>

<text start="852.56" dur="4.839">all these other aspects that were so</text>

<text start="854.12" dur="5.56">Central to grave visits at the time as</text>

<text start="857.399" dur="4.521">we saw earlier IM Tamia&#39;s condemnation</text>

<text start="859.68" dur="4.56">of this practice was one of the reasons</text>

<text start="861.92" dur="4.359">that he was imprisoned actually it was</text>

<text start="864.24" dur="4.159">that importance of a practice in the</text>

<text start="866.279" dur="4.201">Islamic world at the time and we can see</text>

<text start="868.399" dur="4.8">remnants of this View today in groups</text>

<text start="870.48" dur="5.52">that are inspired by iban tamya such as</text>

<text start="873.199" dur="5.2">the so-called wahhabis for example when</text>

<text start="876" dur="4.8">they took over the cities of Mecca and</text>

<text start="878.399" dur="4.761">Medina in the 20th century they</text>

<text start="880.8" dur="4.44">basically demolished the graves and</text>

<text start="883.16" dur="4.76">shrines of many of the prophets family</text>

<text start="885.24" dur="4.92">members and companions because of this</text>

<text start="887.92" dur="5.279">ideological reason we also see many</text>

<text start="890.16" dur="5.2">violent jihadist groups today demolish</text>

<text start="893.199" dur="4.64">shrines of different Sufi Saints for</text>

<text start="895.36" dur="6.279">example and this all stems back to the</text>

<text start="897.839" dur="5.881">critiques of IB tya many Sufi Affiliated</text>

<text start="901.639" dur="4.601">Muslims at the time were outraged by his</text>

<text start="903.72" dur="4.88">many criticisms especially after he</text>

<text start="906.24" dur="5.36">began attacking the very</text>

<text start="908.6" dur="5.12">populari and his major doctrines the</text>

<text start="911.6" dur="5.56">school of this major Mystic the main</text>

<text start="913.72" dur="6.28">idea of which has become known as or the</text>

<text start="917.16" dur="5.599">unity of being was very popular at the</text>

<text start="920" dur="4.72">time and when IB T started basically</text>

<text start="922.759" dur="4.681">calling them Heretics by accusing them</text>

<text start="924.72" dur="4.799">of pantheism or of stating that God and</text>

<text start="927.44" dur="5">creation is one and the same thing</text>

<text start="929.519" dur="4.961">he made a lot of enemies in a famous</text>

<text start="932.44" dur="5.24">account the significant early leader of</text>

<text start="934.48" dur="6.479">the Sha Sufi order IB is said to have</text>

<text start="937.68" dur="5.44">led a group of 500 sufis to protest</text>

<text start="940.959" dur="4.721">against ibben TAA and the two are also</text>

<text start="943.12" dur="4.12">said to have had a formal debate it</text>

<text start="945.68" dur="4.12">seems that it was the fact that he</text>

<text start="947.24" dur="4.2">angered many of the Sufi so much who</text>

<text start="949.8" dur="4.479">themselves had such a high standing in</text>

<text start="951.44" dur="5.199">society that led to his imprisonment all</text>

<text start="954.279" dur="4.841">of these views stems from IB Tamia&#39;s</text>

<text start="956.639" dur="5.081">strict view of Islamic law and his</text>

<text start="959.12" dur="5.719">constant insistence on avoiding all</text>

<text start="961.72" dur="5.119">forms of innovation and this strict view</text>

<text start="964.839" dur="5">of innovation was quite unique at the</text>

<text start="966.839" dur="5.48">time in his own writings he claims quote</text>

<text start="969.839" dur="4.961">the word law in the custom of the people</text>

<text start="972.319" dur="4.561">has taken on three meanings the revealed</text>

<text start="974.8" dur="5.44">law the interpreted law and the</text>

<text start="976.88" dur="5.319">adulterated law the revealed law is the</text>

<text start="980.24" dur="3.88">book and the Sunnah established by the</text>

<text start="982.199" dur="4.161">messenger following this law is</text>

<text start="984.12" dur="4.8">obligatory for both the earlier and the</text>

<text start="986.36" dur="4.2">later generations of Muslims the inter</text>

<text start="988.92" dur="3.88">intereted law is the rulings in which</text>

<text start="990.56" dur="5.759">the scholars exercise independent</text>

<text start="992.8" dur="5.599">reasoning or IAD it is permissible to</text>

<text start="996.319" dur="3.88">follow the authority of a Founder among</text>

<text start="998.399" dur="4.201">the founders of the four Sunni law</text>

<text start="1000.199" dur="4.681">schools and lastly the adulterated law</text>

<text start="1002.6" dur="4.08">includes the fabricated hadiths</text>

<text start="1004.88" dur="3.6">wrong-headed interpretations and</text>

<text start="1006.68" dur="3.959">misguiding innovations that have been</text>

<text start="1008.48" dur="5.719">introduced into the law but do not</text>

<text start="1010.639" dur="5.801">belong to it to I Tamia all forms of</text>

<text start="1014.199" dur="5.64">Innovations are wrong and belong to the</text>

<text start="1016.44" dur="5.8">category of adulterated law if a certain</text>

<text start="1019.839" dur="4.881">idea or practice was not observed by the</text>

<text start="1022.24" dur="6.04">prophet or his companions the salaf then</text>

<text start="1024.72" dur="6.119">they had no place in Islam this was not</text>

<text start="1028.28" dur="4.44">the mainstream position at the time of</text>

<text start="1030.839" dur="3.48">course one was very careful about</text>

<text start="1032.72" dur="3.959">introducing Innovations into the</text>

<text start="1034.319" dur="5.161">religion but many Innovations were seen</text>

<text start="1036.679" dur="4.841">as good Innovations and accepted on that</text>

<text start="1039.48" dur="3.76">basis they would often point to</text>

<text start="1041.52" dur="4.039">Innovations introduced after the</text>

<text start="1043.24" dur="4.92">prophet&#39;s death certain new prayers were</text>

<text start="1045.559" dur="4">introduced by the early cffs that was a</text>

<text start="1048.16" dur="4">good innovation</text>

<text start="1049.559" dur="4.761">the Quran was compiled into a physical</text>

<text start="1052.16" dur="4.84">book after The Prophet&#39;s death so that</text>

<text start="1054.32" dur="5.239">was also an innovation but a good one</text>

<text start="1057" dur="4.799">sufis would perhaps argue that Vicor in</text>

<text start="1059.559" dur="3.881">certain forms was an innovation but a</text>

<text start="1061.799" dur="4.961">good one that brings the practitioner</text>

<text start="1063.44" dur="6.119">closer to God but IB tamya strongly</text>

<text start="1066.76" dur="5">disagrees all forms of innovation are</text>

<text start="1069.559" dur="4.281">bad and there is no going around it and</text>

<text start="1071.76" dur="4.24">this was his basis for condemning many</text>

<text start="1073.84" dur="4.36">of the practices of the sufis as well as</text>

<text start="1076" dur="4.88">many mainstream theological ideas as we</text>

<text start="1078.2" dur="4.44">will see but this rather unique position</text>

<text start="1080.88" dur="3.52">meant that he had a very different</text>

<text start="1082.64" dur="4.56">approach to Islamic law than most</text>

<text start="1084.4" dur="4.759">Muslims at the time during his life</text>

<text start="1087.2" dur="4.32">Sunni Islamic law had since long</text>

<text start="1089.159" dur="5.721">developed into the four primary schools</text>

<text start="1091.52" dur="5.32">the hanafi Maliki shafii and hanbali to</text>

<text start="1094.88" dur="4.679">which he belonged and in general the</text>

<text start="1096.84" dur="5.28">approach to law was that of t or</text>

<text start="1099.559" dur="4.961">imitation of following already</text>

<text start="1102.12" dur="4.88">established legal presidents for example</text>

<text start="1104.52" dur="4.399">a shafii had a long tradition of</text>

<text start="1107" dur="4.32">previous judical argument that he could</text>

<text start="1108.919" dur="4.281">draw from and make judgments and usually</text>

<text start="1111.32" dur="3.88">he didn&#39;t have to actively go back to</text>

<text start="1113.2" dur="5.04">the original sources and interpret them</text>

<text start="1115.2" dur="4.44">again to arrive at a conclusion that job</text>

<text start="1118.24" dur="4.16">had already been done by his</text>

<text start="1119.64" dur="4.88">predecessors in his legal school now</text>

<text start="1122.4" dur="4.68">while I tya did technically belong to</text>

<text start="1124.52" dur="4.72">the hanbali school he also shows clear</text>

<text start="1127.08" dur="5.88">signs of being critical of the whole</text>

<text start="1129.24" dur="5.96">system he rejects the Reliance on or</text>

<text start="1132.96" dur="5.079">imitation and instead puts a heavy</text>

<text start="1135.2" dur="4.52">emphasis on IAD or independent</text>

<text start="1138.039" dur="3.481">interpretation</text>

<text start="1139.72" dur="4.36">not necessarily based on one&#39;s rational</text>

<text start="1141.52" dur="4.639">deductions but on going back directly to</text>

<text start="1144.08" dur="4.719">the Quran and the Sunnah and finding the</text>

<text start="1146.159" dur="4.52">answers directly there he believed that</text>

<text start="1148.799" dur="4.481">these texts had all the answers and that</text>

<text start="1150.679" dur="4.921">the pure Islam of Muhammad and the salaf</text>

<text start="1153.28" dur="4.96">could be found there by reading them</text>

<text start="1155.6" dur="5">directly and not by slavishly following</text>

<text start="1158.24" dur="4.52">one of the established law schools now</text>

<text start="1160.6" dur="4.8">since no human being can escape his own</text>

<text start="1162.76" dur="4.399">interpretive framework IB Tamia ends up</text>

<text start="1165.4" dur="3.96">usually interpreting these sources from</text>

<text start="1167.159" dur="4.161">a hanbali perspective nonetheless less</text>

<text start="1169.36" dur="3.88">but not always there are instances where</text>

<text start="1171.32" dur="3.68">he diverges from it and sometimes even</text>

<text start="1173.24" dur="4">holds opinions that none of the law</text>

<text start="1175" dur="4.679">schools seem to like in the famous case</text>

<text start="1177.24" dur="5">about divorce Oaths in any case this is</text>

<text start="1179.679" dur="5.161">the basic approach to law that I Tamia</text>

<text start="1182.24" dur="5.799">has as well as basically the fundamental</text>

<text start="1184.84" dur="6.12">core of salafism which has become so uh</text>

<text start="1188.039" dur="5.201">prominent today it is a rejection of</text>

<text start="1190.96" dur="5.839">tradition and instead the belief that</text>

<text start="1193.24" dur="6.28">one can find the more pure and original</text>

<text start="1196.799" dur="6.24">version of the religion by going back</text>

<text start="1199.52" dur="5.76">and reading the original sources indeed</text>

<text start="1203.039" dur="4.481">this rather unique approach has inspired</text>

<text start="1205.28" dur="4.639">many of the more modernist and</text>

<text start="1207.52" dur="4.68">contemporary movements within Islam as</text>

<text start="1209.919" dur="4.76">we will see later but this also informed</text>

<text start="1212.2" dur="5.04">other aspects of Tamia&#39;s thought as well</text>

<text start="1214.679" dur="5.921">for example his theological ideas now</text>

<text start="1217.24" dur="6.72">tobia theology actually was part of the</text>

<text start="1220.6" dur="5.84">more wider category of Islamic law and</text>

<text start="1223.96" dur="5.8">so the approach that he has to the</text>

<text start="1226.44" dur="5.84">Sharia the Islamic law is</text>

<text start="1229.76" dur="5.399">essentially the same that he has to the</text>

<text start="1232.28" dur="5.04">Theology of the religion as we saw in</text>

<text start="1235.159" dur="5.441">his biography he was continuously</text>

<text start="1237.32" dur="5.2">accused of corporis or anthropomorphism</text>

<text start="1240.6" dur="5.079">and even actually imprisoned because of</text>

<text start="1242.52" dur="4.6">it but where does this come from well</text>

<text start="1245.679" dur="4.041">just as he was very critical of the</text>

<text start="1247.12" dur="4.799">sufis and some of their practices so he</text>

<text start="1249.72" dur="4.68">was also critical of what he saw as</text>

<text start="1251.919" dur="4.441">doctrinal Innovations in the form of Cam</text>

<text start="1254.4" dur="4.84">Theology and</text>

<text start="1256.36" dur="5.559">philosophy cam is a word that denotes a</text>

<text start="1259.24" dur="5.04">kind of philosophical theology it is a</text>

<text start="1261.919" dur="4.961">tradition of speculative and Systematic</text>

<text start="1264.28" dur="4.56">Theology that had become very popular</text>

<text start="1266.88" dur="3.76">the most widespread School of kamam in</text>

<text start="1268.84" dur="3.92">the Sunni world the ashari School</text>

<text start="1270.64" dur="4.159">founded by Abul Hassan Al ashari</text>

<text start="1272.76" dur="4.12">represented both then and for most of</text>

<text start="1274.799" dur="4.441">History the mainstream theological</text>

<text start="1276.88" dur="5.24">position in Sunni Islam and was at the</text>

<text start="1279.24" dur="5.96">time of Iya primarily represented by the</text>

<text start="1282.12" dur="5.08">great scholar and theologian fakin arzi</text>

<text start="1285.2" dur="4">this kind of theology inspired by</text>

<text start="1287.2" dur="4.92">philosophical speculation and of great</text>

<text start="1289.2" dur="5.479">philosophers like Ian Cena was also a</text>

<text start="1292.12" dur="5.32">form of innovation to I tya and went</text>

<text start="1294.679" dur="5.24">against quranic descriptions of God in</text>

<text start="1297.44" dur="4.96">the kamam schools including the asharia</text>

<text start="1299.919" dur="5.281">many verses in the scriptures the Quran</text>

<text start="1302.4" dur="5.44">were read symbolically and one was very</text>

<text start="1305.2" dur="6.16">adamant to have God be completely Beyond</text>

<text start="1307.84" dur="6.839">any creaturely qualities God is totally</text>

<text start="1311.36" dur="6">incorporeal he is formless he&#39;s outside</text>

<text start="1314.679" dur="5.401">of time and space neither in the world</text>

<text start="1317.36" dur="5.12">nor outside it and is ultimately Beyond</text>

<text start="1320.08" dur="4.199">description so any descriptions in the</text>

<text start="1322.48" dur="3.679">Quran that seem to apply human</text>

<text start="1324.279" dur="4.961">attributes to God were read</text>

<text start="1326.159" dur="5.801">metaphorically by the cam theologians</text>

<text start="1329.24" dur="5.16">when the Quran says that God has a hand</text>

<text start="1331.96" dur="6">it means that he has power for example</text>

<text start="1334.4" dur="6.12">not a literal hand I Tamia responds to</text>

<text start="1337.96" dur="6.76">this approach in critical terms in his</text>

<text start="1340.52" dur="5.68">theological works such as the wasi the H</text>

<text start="1344.72" dur="4.439">the</text>

<text start="1346.2" dur="6.12">bay and the 11 volume long</text>

<text start="1349.159" dur="5.561">dud averting the conflict he attacks</text>

<text start="1352.32" dur="4.52">theologians like arzi and instead</text>

<text start="1354.72" dur="4.319">presents his own perspectives on</text>

<text start="1356.84" dur="3.959">theology these works and ideas would</text>

<text start="1359.039" dur="4.12">become Central to the theological</text>

<text start="1360.799" dur="5.201">positions of groups like The salafis and</text>

<text start="1363.159" dur="5.481">the so-called wahhabis today now again</text>

<text start="1366" dur="4.559">IB tamya belonged to the hanbali school</text>

<text start="1368.64" dur="4.279">who had generally rejected kamam and</text>

<text start="1370.559" dur="4.961">instead followed their own theological</text>

<text start="1372.919" dur="4.961">inclinations famously they rejected the</text>

<text start="1375.52" dur="4.48">symbolic reading of quranic verses</text>

<text start="1377.88" dur="4.279">instead of op in to take God&#39;s word for</text>

<text start="1380" dur="3.96">what it is and Trust in the word used in</text>

<text start="1382.159" dur="3.841">the text that doesn&#39;t mean that they had</text>

<text start="1383.96" dur="3.959">a completely anthropomorphic view of God</text>

<text start="1386" dur="4.12">though rather than accepting outright</text>

<text start="1387.919" dur="4.12">that God has a hand for example they</text>

<text start="1390.12" dur="4.6">argue that one should accept what the</text>

<text start="1392.039" dur="5.281">text says but not inquire further about</text>

<text start="1394.72" dur="4.68">what it means if the text says that God</text>

<text start="1397.32" dur="4.52">has a hand then we take that at face</text>

<text start="1399.4" dur="3.879">value but we don&#39;t ask what it means</text>

<text start="1401.84" dur="5.439">this is an idea that has often been</text>

<text start="1403.279" dur="5.801">known as B literally meaning without how</text>

<text start="1407.279" dur="4.4">or without asking</text>

<text start="1409.08" dur="4.44">sometimes also without modality some</text>

<text start="1411.679" dur="4.201">would argue that this still counts as</text>

<text start="1413.52" dur="4.56">anthropomorphism but it&#39;s still a bit</text>

<text start="1415.88" dur="4.24">more complicated than that it&#39;s a kind</text>

<text start="1418.08" dur="4.16">of acceptance of our ignorance regarding</text>

<text start="1420.12" dur="5.2">the nature of God and of thus trusting</text>

<text start="1422.24" dur="6.4">in the word of God without trying to use</text>

<text start="1425.32" dur="5.16">our human faulty Minds to understand</text>

<text start="1428.64" dur="4.88">what that&#39;s supposed to mean in a more</text>

<text start="1430.48" dur="4.92">real sense I tya being an adherent of</text>

<text start="1433.52" dur="4.159">this school essentially takes basically</text>

<text start="1435.4" dur="4.2">the same positions but in some respects</text>

<text start="1437.679" dur="4.081">as is usually the the case he also</text>

<text start="1439.6" dur="4.559">diverges and goes even further than his</text>

<text start="1441.76" dur="4.799">fellow hanbalis would sometimes while he</text>

<text start="1444.159" dur="4.76">never states that God has a body or</text>

<text start="1446.559" dur="4.36">human attributes as such and we should</text>

<text start="1448.919" dur="4.281">be very careful in keeping this in mind</text>

<text start="1450.919" dur="5.081">he nonetheless rejects the incorporeal</text>

<text start="1453.2" dur="6.56">and non-spatial God of the kamam</text>

<text start="1456" dur="5.919">scholars quote IB Tamia is decidedly</text>

<text start="1459.76" dur="4.76">empiricist he claims that nothing</text>

<text start="1461.919" dur="5.201">incorporeal and non-spatial exists</text>

<text start="1464.52" dur="4.639">outside the Mind something existing</text>

<text start="1467.12" dur="5.4">outside the Mind must be accessible to</text>

<text start="1469.159" dur="5.601">the human senses and God is no exception</text>

<text start="1472.52" dur="4.36">while God cannot be seen in this world</text>

<text start="1474.76" dur="3.919">he can be seen in dreams and he will be</text>

<text start="1476.88" dur="5">seen in the</text>

<text start="1478.679" dur="5.041">Hereafter I Tamia himself says quote</text>

<text start="1481.88" dur="3.76">whatever cannot be sensed with the five</text>

<text start="1483.72" dur="4.4">senses is nothing but a</text>

<text start="1485.64" dur="4.48">non-existent the generality of the salaf</text>

<text start="1488.12" dur="4.76">and those who affirm God&#39;s attributes</text>

<text start="1490.12" dur="5.6">maintain that God can be witnessed seen</text>

<text start="1492.88" dur="5.159">and sensed so IB Tam rejects</text>

<text start="1495.72" dur="4.52">metaphorical readings he wants to claim</text>

<text start="1498.039" dur="4.681">that if the Quran states that God has a</text>

<text start="1500.24" dur="4.52">hand then this is true without having to</text>

<text start="1502.72" dur="4.199">explain it away as a metaphor or</text>

<text start="1504.76" dur="4.159">something quote everything that his</text>

<text start="1506.919" dur="4.841">creatures are endowed with of perfected</text>

<text start="1508.919" dur="5">qualities the creator also possesses</text>

<text start="1511.76" dur="4.519">also every fault which his creatures are</text>

<text start="1513.919" dur="5.24">declared above the Creator is declared</text>

<text start="1516.279" dur="5.76">above them so all positive qualities</text>

<text start="1519.159" dur="4.201">that humans have God must have them too</text>

<text start="1522.039" dur="3.681">otherwise that would imply an</text>

<text start="1523.36" dur="5.52">imperfection in God this includes that</text>

<text start="1525.72" dur="5.48">quote IIA says that God is moving</text>

<text start="1528.88" dur="4.24">because as he argues a God who could not</text>

<text start="1531.2" dur="4.68">move on his own initiative would be</text>

<text start="1533.12" dur="4.6">inferior to creatures who can move and</text>

<text start="1535.88" dur="4.159">similar arguments are used to argue that</text>

<text start="1537.72" dur="5.72">God indeed does have hands in a literal</text>

<text start="1540.039" dur="5.201">Al it non-human sense imia is careful to</text>

<text start="1543.44" dur="4.479">point out that this doesn&#39;t mean that</text>

<text start="1545.24" dur="5.439">God has them in the way that humans do</text>

<text start="1547.919" dur="5.201">he has them in a mode of his own quote</text>

<text start="1550.679" dur="4.281">if one was to assert that God does not</text>

<text start="1553.12" dur="4.48">have a hand of the genus of created</text>

<text start="1554.96" dur="5.68">beings that is in the sense of a limb</text>

<text start="1557.6" dur="5">then this is true if however he claims</text>

<text start="1560.64" dur="4.32">that God&#39;s hand is not additional to</text>

<text start="1562.6" dur="4.72">these seven attributes he has grossly</text>

<text start="1564.96" dur="4.8">heard this is very important we should</text>

<text start="1567.32" dur="4.32">be careful not to claim that in a very</text>

<text start="1569.76" dur="3.84">simplistic way that imia is simply an</text>

<text start="1571.64" dur="4.44">anthropomorphous because he is very</text>

<text start="1573.6" dur="4.4">careful to point out that God is utterly</text>

<text start="1576.08" dur="5.16">different from creatures as the Quran</text>

<text start="1578" dur="6">says and that when he says that God has</text>

<text start="1581.24" dur="4.919">a hand or he sits on the throne this</text>

<text start="1584" dur="4.96">does not mean that he has a hand in the</text>

<text start="1586.159" dur="5.561">way that humans do Ian never claims</text>

<text start="1588.96" dur="5.28">outright that God has a body but you</text>

<text start="1591.72" dur="4.319">could see why there could be confusion</text>

<text start="1594.24" dur="4.319">but indeed in many places IB Tamia</text>

<text start="1596.039" dur="4.921">appears to go even further by applying a</text>

<text start="1598.559" dur="5.161">view of God that seems spatial and even</text>

<text start="1600.96" dur="4.439">temporal again he never outright says</text>

<text start="1603.72" dur="3.28">anything of the sort but many of his</text>

<text start="1605.399" dur="3.921">descriptions seem to point in that</text>

<text start="1607" dur="5.96">direction as explained by scholar John</text>

<text start="1609.32" dur="7.44">Hoover IIA states that God is definitely</text>

<text start="1612.96" dur="6.88">over and above folk or thus outside of</text>

<text start="1616.76" dur="5.08">the universe God in fact surrounds the</text>

<text start="1619.84" dur="4.439">universe and is described not as</text>

<text start="1621.84" dur="5.52">non-spatial as the kamam scholars would</text>

<text start="1624.279" dur="5.161">but as enormous in size quote it must be</text>

<text start="1627.36" dur="4.799">known that the upper and lower worlds</text>

<text start="1629.44" dur="6.32">relative to the Creator exalted as he is</text>

<text start="1632.159" dur="5.801">extremely small God exalted is he</text>

<text start="1635.76" dur="5">surrounds all created things in a manner</text>

<text start="1637.96" dur="4.599">that befits his majesty for the seven</text>

<text start="1640.76" dur="4.08">heavens and the Earth in his hand or</text>

<text start="1642.559" dur="5.081">smaller than a chickpea in the hand of</text>

<text start="1644.84" dur="4.76">one of us he also conceives of God as</text>

<text start="1647.64" dur="4.32">acting and interacting in a temporal</text>

<text start="1649.6" dur="4.4">sense he hears prayers when they are</text>

<text start="1651.96" dur="5.319">uttered and not in some Eternal moment</text>

<text start="1654" dur="5.679">outside of time thus he seemed to hold</text>

<text start="1657.279" dur="5.321">the opinion that God exists within time</text>

<text start="1659.679" dur="4.72">and space both as having a kind of form</text>

<text start="1662.6" dur="4.439">by stating that he&#39;s much larger than</text>

<text start="1664.399" dur="5.4">creation and within time through acting</text>

<text start="1667.039" dur="5.12">and willing temporally understanding I</text>

<text start="1669.799" dur="4.76">Tamia&#39;s theology is a complex thing of</text>

<text start="1672.159" dur="5.041">course there are different Scholars who</text>

<text start="1674.559" dur="4.801">still debate this issue to a very large</text>

<text start="1677.2" dur="3.599">degree some still want to call him</text>

<text start="1679.36" dur="3.559">basically an anthropomorphous or</text>

<text start="1680.799" dur="4.281">corporalist in a very simplistic way</text>

<text start="1682.919" dur="4.201">other Scholars argue that he definitely</text>

<text start="1685.08" dur="4.479">isn&#39;t one and that his views are</text>

<text start="1687.12" dur="4.919">significantly more nuanced but I&#39;ll</text>

<text start="1689.559" dur="4.6">leave the discussion at that in any case</text>

<text start="1692.039" dur="3.601">you can see that he holds positions that</text>

<text start="1694.159" dur="3.841">were interpreted by some of his</text>

<text start="1695.64" dur="4.44">contemporaries as quite shocking and it</text>

<text start="1698" dur="4.84">all goes back to that same fundamental</text>

<text start="1700.08" dur="5.16">idea of rejecting Innovations in law and</text>

<text start="1702.84" dur="4.88">Theology and instead only following the</text>

<text start="1705.24" dur="4.88">beliefs of the salaf whom he considered</text>

<text start="1707.72" dur="6.079">to have hel the same ideas that he</text>

<text start="1710.12" dur="5.64">exposed it all comes down to worship man</text>

<text start="1713.799" dur="3.76">was made to worship God and he</text>

<text start="1715.76" dur="4.36">understands religion and theology from</text>

<text start="1717.559" dur="5.96">this perspective the Muslim proclamation</text>

<text start="1720.12" dur="5.399">of faith for example ill is not some</text>

<text start="1723.519" dur="4.481">ontological Claim about the nature of</text>

<text start="1725.519" dur="5.481">reality as many sufis claimed it is a</text>

<text start="1728" dur="5.159">simple command to worship God alone and</text>

<text start="1731" dur="4.519">worship is done by following the law</text>

<text start="1733.159" dur="4.12">exactly as laid down in the Quran and in</text>

<text start="1735.519" dur="3.081">the practice of the prophets and the</text>

<text start="1737.279" dur="4.161">salaf</text>

<text start="1738.6" dur="4.959">I tya was a divisive and polarizing</text>

<text start="1741.44" dur="4.92">figure both during his lifetime and</text>

<text start="1743.559" dur="4.84">still today he made a lot of enemies</text>

<text start="1746.36" dur="4.28">through his criticism of key Islamic</text>

<text start="1748.399" dur="5.16">institutions and his unique approach to</text>

<text start="1750.64" dur="6.159">law and theology he did have a group of</text>

<text start="1753.559" dur="5.201">devoted followers most notably ibim jaia</text>

<text start="1756.799" dur="4">but in reality he wasn&#39;t all that</text>

<text start="1758.76" dur="4.32">successful in the immediate aftermath of</text>

<text start="1760.799" dur="4.281">his life the were a group of people</text>

<text start="1763.08" dur="4">mostly from the hanbal school and a few</text>

<text start="1765.08" dur="3.56">others here and there who selectively</text>

<text start="1767.08" dur="3.88">took inspiration from from some of his</text>

<text start="1768.64" dur="4.36">writings but he didn&#39;t have any massive</text>

<text start="1770.96" dur="4.4">impact on the Islamic intellectual world</text>

<text start="1773" dur="3.919">for the first few centuries his</text>

<text start="1775.36" dur="3.199">popularity and influence really only</text>

<text start="1776.919" dur="4.401">started to pick up in the last few</text>

<text start="1778.559" dur="5.201">hundred years it has inspired several</text>

<text start="1781.32" dur="5">revivalist movements within Islam from</text>

<text start="1783.76" dur="5.279">the Wabi movement of Muhammad IBN Abdul</text>

<text start="1786.32" dur="5.56">wahab in the 18th century to the salafis</text>

<text start="1789.039" dur="5.64">of the last 100 years or so IB tamya has</text>

<text start="1791.88" dur="5.12">come to have an enormous influence today</text>

<text start="1794.679" dur="4.641">his strict and fundamentalist view on</text>

<text start="1797" dur="4.08">Islamic practice has attracted a lot of</text>

<text start="1799.32" dur="4.32">people who have wanted to reform the</text>

<text start="1801.08" dur="4.959">religion from the modernist movements in</text>

<text start="1803.64" dur="4.519">the late 19th century to the violent</text>

<text start="1806.039" dur="3.921">jihadist groups in the Middle East they</text>

<text start="1808.159" dur="3.801">have all benefited from his unique</text>

<text start="1809.96" dur="3.68">approach and that&#39;s the thing we</text>

<text start="1811.96" dur="4.16">shouldn&#39;t simplistically connect him</text>

<text start="1813.64" dur="5.039">only to things like salafism his</text>

<text start="1816.12" dur="2.559">anti-traditional</text>

<text start="1820.2" dur="4.599">interpretation rather than simply</text>

<text start="1822.12" dur="5.439">adhering to T or imitation of legal</text>

<text start="1824.799" dur="5">presidents and to find a more pure</text>

<text start="1827.559" dur="4.521">original version of the religion this</text>

<text start="1829.799" dur="3.961">has also influenced various Progressive</text>

<text start="1832.08" dur="4.4">movements in the religion that we find</text>

<text start="1833.76" dur="5.72">today so regardless of your perspective</text>

<text start="1836.48" dur="5.48">on his ideas you can&#39;t deny that IB tya</text>

<text start="1839.48" dur="5.079">is probably one of the most influential</text>

<text start="1841.96" dur="4.88">historical thinkers for the Contemporary</text>

<text start="1844.559" dur="5.281">Islamic world in the words of John</text>

<text start="1846.84" dur="5.28">Hoover quote in addition to the salafis</text>

<text start="1849.84" dur="4.839">modernist and revivalist have drawn on</text>

<text start="1852.12" dur="5.399">IB tya to present visions of Islam open</text>

<text start="1854.679" dur="5.84">to the Contemporary world the Pakistani</text>

<text start="1857.519" dur="5.441">modernist F Rahman writes approvingly of</text>

<text start="1860.519" dur="4.681">IB Tamia&#39;s reinjection of divine wise</text>

<text start="1862.96" dur="3.64">purpose into mainstream Islamic thought</text>

<text start="1865.2" dur="3.8">and he commends his ethical</text>

<text start="1866.6" dur="5.559">reformulation of Sufism for modern</text>

<text start="1869" dur="5.88">Muslim reform theat based revivalist</text>

<text start="1872.159" dur="5.36">yusf Al karwi invokes I Tamia&#39;s</text>

<text start="1874.88" dur="4.48">utilitarianism and political pragmatism</text>

<text start="1877.519" dur="3.841">to encourage Muslims to engage</text>

<text start="1879.36" dur="5.4">constructively in Democratic and</text>

<text start="1881.36" dur="6.159">pluralist societies he is a charismatic</text>

<text start="1884.76" dur="6.48">figure with a wide influence and he is</text>

<text start="1887.519" dur="5.04">still polarizing to this very day I&#39;ll</text>

<text start="1891.24" dur="3.799">see you next</text>

<text start="1892.559" dur="4.6">time I would like to express my deepest</text>

<text start="1895.039" dur="4.561">gratitude to all of my patrons who keep</text>

<text start="1897.159" dur="6.4">this channel going through their support</text>

<text start="1899.6" dur="3.959">thank you all so much</text>

<text start="1904.7" dur="12.399">[Music]</text>